weak military administration in mughal empire

In the capacity of the chief qazi, he looked into the appointment of the qazis in the suba, sarkar, pargana and town levels. Answer: (a) Politics in the Mughal court (b) Weak Military organization and Administration (c) Aurangzeb’s Bankruptcy (d) Foreign Invasions Their appointment promotion, demotion, and’termination were subject to the ruler’s personal preference and whims. But the possibility of rebellion always existed and, therefore, constant vigil through an organised system of intelligence network was established. Answer: (a) Politics in the Mughal court (b) Weak Military organization and Administration (c) Aurangzeb’s Bankruptcy (d) Foreign Invasions Sometimes the office of the mutasaddi was auctioned and given to the highest bidder. But the administration of Babur was less structured. The Mughal Empire declined quickly after the passing of Aurangazeb. It mainly focuses of the empire of Akbar. The horses used by the cavalry belonged The chief qazi was known as qazi-ul quzzat. However, Doyle’s definition does not clearly demarcate “the boundary between nonempire and empire” ( Motyl, 2001 : 15). from there from time to time, hence it was also essential for the Mughals to Gun powder technology was brought to India for warfare in the 14th century. They were foot-soldiers, and matchlock-men and were recruited and directly paid for by the central government and handed over to high mansabdars. What happened to the Mughal empire after his death? or camels and used very effectively on the battlefield as their direction could Mention any four reasons for the decline of the Mughal empire Explain any two reasons. These siege guns were not easily manoeuvrable, and sometimes elephants and thousands of bullocks were used to transport them. The Mughal Empire achieved its last military victory in 1748 near Sirhind, northwest of Delhi, over the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Durrani, but a few days later Muhammad Shah died, whose weak successors had nothing to oppose the Afghans. These books talk about servants of emperor, administration, judicial departments, Hindu philosophies, sayings of Akbar etc. Mughal emperors had a powerful The Empire under the Mughals was divided into provinces which were known as Subhas. The myth was that a mere look of his majesty would redress their grievances. The Mughal Empire was established in 1526 by Babur, a descendant of Timurlane, the Muslim conqueror. The weakness of the empire was exposed when Nadir Shah imprisoned the Mughal Emperor and looted Delhi in 1739; The weak successors and demoralization of the Mughal army also paved the way for it. The Emperors after Aurangzeb are called the latter Mughals. Apart from employing choice horses from Iraq, Iran and Arabia, the cavalrymen were protected by iron-helmets and other defensive armours, and their horses had their necks, chests and backs fully covered. With such popular perception of the ruler, it is obvious that all officers in Mughal administration owed their position and power to the Emperor. Normally Mansab means rank and honour, so the post of Mansab can be said to be saanvi9369 saanvi9369 15.06.2018 History Secondary School +5 pts. It was the The Mughal military was controlled by the emperor of the Mughal Empire. Interview of Vikram Grewal, Rank 51, CSE- 2018, History Optional, Interview of Nidhi Siwach, Rank 83, CSE- 2018 [History Optional], Interview of Raj, Rank 433, CSE- 2018 [History Optional], Interview of Ishmeet Kaur, Rank 505 in CSE- 2018 with History Optional, Interview of Phadke Vikram Dnyandeo who has scored highest Marks in History Optional: 324, Copyright © 2020 selfstudyhistory.com All Rights Reserved Powered by. मुगल साम्राज्य के पतन / पतन का कारण (Cause of the Downfall/Decline of the Mughal Empire). :- Artillery was equally a significant part of the Mughal army Babur was the The Mughal Empire 1 2. The word Mansab comes from the Persian language which means rank, dignity, and status It was a noble concept of Administration and military structure. Thus, the concept of divine origin of monarchy could easily find credence among the Indian peopie. The Mughal polity was, indeed, organized as an empire and included areas of direct administration and those ruled through subordinate intermediaries (Alam and Subrahmanyam, 1998). ( During the The task of His seal and signatures were necessary for the validation of all official papers involving revenue. selfstudyhistory.com. These annexed the … About 12,000 mounted musketeers and a great number of matchlockmen were This type of … The mir bakhshi was assisted by other bakhshis at central level. the reign of Akbar there was a department of Dag Mahali whose chief function He also supervised the minthouse at the port. For urban centres, the imperial court appointed kotwals. A quarter of the fighting force consisted of bearers of match-locks, carpenters, black-smiths, water-carriers and pioneers who cleared the way. Many historians have viewed the Mughal Empire as relatively backward, the Emperor the head of a traditional warband from Central Asia, with tribalism and the traditions of the Islamic world to the fore, and the Empire not remotely comparable to the forward looking Western European states of the period, with their strong innovative armies implementing the During the reign of Akbar the artillery was improved a lot. For example: Each branch was further subdivided into several sections ‘manned by a secretary, superintendents and clerks. Mughal emperors maintained a small standing army. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE Fig. The Mughals did not pay attention to the development of naval force before THE MUGHAL EMPIRE Chapter 10. Answered to supervise the manufacture of different articles, be it weapons of war or articles of luxury. Attacks by Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali, which were themselves the consequences of the weakness of the Empire, drained the Empire of its wealth, ruined its trade and industry in the North, and almost destroyed its military power. Online Course for History Optional including Answer Writing and Test Series for 2020 Main Examination. However, this office continued to enjoy the highest place in the Mughal bureaucratic hierarchy despite reduction in his powers. rulers. The institution of wizarat (or wikalat since both were used interchangeably) generally traced back to the Abbasi Caliphs. They were to arrange provisions for the army as well. Babur’s wazir Nizamuddin Muhammad Khalifa enjoyed both the civil and military powers. The Mughal Empire 1. His successors strengthened Diwan and Bakhshi looked after their The army was the hub of Mughal It was Akbar who raised the structure of Mughal administration. they remained negligent towards the formation of a powerful navy. soldiers but it seems to be a hypothesis and the truth must be very far from It not only incorporated these refractory rulers and chieftains into its administrative setup but also enrolled them into military service. empire as much as possible by capturing the territories of the neighboring weak ferries and bridges for the passage of the troops and local inhabitants. The Emperors after Aurangzeb are called the latter Mughals. carried on big wooden platforms. These later Mughal Emperor are weak and worthless. Took away the financial powers of the wakil and entrusted it into the hands of the. In addition, he also performed some secular duties – examining weights and measures, enforcing fair prices, etc. The Mughal Empire came to an inglorious end. hundred per month. boats which in no way could be said to be a powerful navy. 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Mughals only because they did not maintain an efficient navy. to take care of rebellions, and law and order problems. :- Normally cash As the cavalry Ask your question. administration. luxurious life because even after meeting the expenditure, they saved a lot of To maintain a register for keeping records of people coming and going out of the town. Mir-i-Atish was the officer in charge of this branch. Aurangzeb was succeeded by his son Bahadur Shah. 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Later Mughals from 1707 to 1857 were very weak. All orders of appointments of mansabdars and their salary papers were endorsed and passed by him. Bandukchi (riflemen) and 3 Comments / Administration, Economy and Military in the Mughal Empire / By admin The Mansabdari system was introduced in the Mughal administration system by Emperor Akbar. was based on the Mansabdari system. He dealt directly with provincial bakhshis and waqainavis. टिप्पणी: केवल इस ब्लॉग का सदस्य टिप्पणी भेज सकता है. To exercise control over the different parts of the Empire so that recalcitrant elements challenging the Mughal sovereignty could be checked. The civil administration was organized in a hierarchical manner on the basis of … Weak Successors: The first six Mughal Emperors from Babar to Aurangzeb are described as the great Mughals. Weak military organisation and administration - shortcut As the Mughal empire became very vast, it was difficult for the Mughal rulers to control distant parts of the empire. The Bargirs were the soldiers who The old administrative machinery of the Sultanate of Delhi had crumbled as the result of the Mughal attack, but […] The 17 th century saw extension of the Mughal Empire from Qandahar in the west to Bengal in the east and from Kashmir in the north to Mysore in the south. The administration of justice during the Mughal era was very poor and reached its highest peak during Akbar’s reign, and its consistency dropped under Aurangzeb’s reign. Click here to get an answer to your question ️ How did weak military administration led to decline of mughals? His duty was to check whether proper places were allotted to the mansabdars according to their rank at the court. THE REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 1) Politics in the Mughal Court; 2) Jagirdari Crisis; 3) Weak Military organization and Administration; 4) Wars of succession; 5) Aurangzeb’s policies; 6) Economic bankruptcy 7) Foreign invasions 8) Weak successors. It was his duty to prepare a list of deceased mausabdars, but often news reporters (waqai navis) of the parganas directly sent infomation to the provincial diwan. The small guns could be carried on elephants Log in. The powerless successors and dispiriting of the Mughal armed force were additionally the explanations behind the decline. Nature of provincial administration: According to J.N. The ancient Indian traditions had always supported a strong ruler. 1) Politics in the Mughal court:- Mughal Empire Military. The officer in The chief diwan (diwani kul) was made responsible for revenue and finances. He was to ensure safe passage to traders within his jurisdiction. Mention any four reasons for the decline of the Mughal empire Explain any two reasons. Mughal Emperor, Babur was successful as a soldier and conqueror. Military Administration of Mughal Empire historyforexam Add Comment MEDIEVAL HISTORY , Military Administration of Mughal Empire Edit Moreover, the 3 Mughal army on campaign. His duty was to pass on letters through the. Babur used them effectively in the first battle of Panipat. The mansabdars formed the ruling elite in the Mughal Empire. accept the centralising tendencies but point out that the Mughal Empire was ‘. and dismissal were also in the hands of the emperor. He was the head of the judiciary. Answer: (a) Politics in the Mughal court (b) Weak Military organization and Administration (c) Aurangzeb’s Bankruptcy (d) Foreign Invasions However, the origin of Mansabdari system can be traced back to Mongols (Changez Khan). Akbar had great interest in the manufacture of. He was incharge of the general administration of fort and the areas assigned in jagir to the qiladar. In 1580, Akbar divided the Empire into twelve subas (later on, three more were added). They are very important sources of the history of the period. who were attached with the army, such as slaves sand water-carrier, were also The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Separation of finance gave a jolt to the wakil’s power. Others need to pay. Local administration can be discussed at Sarkars, pargana and mauza (village) levels. The governor of a suba (subadar) was directly appointed by the Emperor. The bakhshi was appointed by the imperial court at the recommendation of the mir bakhshi. Ask your question. Humayun’s wazir Hindu Beg also virtually enjoyed great powers. The ordinary horseman was given as salary only No fresh order of appointment or promotion could be affected without his seal. 3.What happened to the Mughal empire after his death? Besides rifle and sword, the soldiers were expert in permanently and changes were introduced from time to time. artillery later on. be changed easily and immediately but the big guns were either wheeled or Causes of decline of Mughal Empire Beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire can be traced to the strong rule of Aurangzeb. So, the Mughal Empire collapsed under its own weight. His chief function was to prepare The word Mansab comes from the Persian language which means rank, dignity, and status It was a noble concept of Administration and military structure. first Mughal ruler who made use of gunpowder. The. According to him, jagir transfers were not as frequent as they appear, and the local elements at the periphery were quite successful in influencing the policies at the centre. Akbar and his But his area of influence seems more complex. India - India - The Mughal Empire, 1526–1761: The Mughal Empire at its zenith commanded resources unprecedented in Indian history and covered almost the entire subcontinent. He was directly under the Emperor but for sanction of money and auditing of accounts he was to contact the diwan. 3 Mughal army on campaign. Besides small guns Now in the capacity of sadr, he supervised assignment of allowances and looked after the charitable grants. Each fortress was lie a mini township with a large garrison. :- The Mughal army The weak successors of Aurangzeb, however, could not maintain it. The rude strategies of Aurangazeb added to its decay. A separate department was assigned this important task. Start Early for History Optional Comprehensive Preparation with Topic wise comprehensive study materials, test series, daily and weekly problem practice for 2021 Main Examination. The Mansabdar led a 4 Cannons were an important addition in sixteenth-century warfare. third category, respectively. The Mansabdari system was introduced in the Mughal administration system by Emperor Akbar. To facilitate his work, he posted his agents in the parganas and various important offices. Akbar was an expert in the These books talk about servants of emperor, administration, judicial departments, Hindu philosophies, sayings of Akbar etc. Hi. Question 4. salaries were given to the Mansabdars and they were paid very highly. was in-charge of all recruitment of imperial officers. artillery of Akbar, “Excepting the Turkish artillery, Akbar’s was second to After years of wandering he seized Kabul in 1504. The old administrative machinery of the Sultanate of Delhi had crumbled as the result of the Mughal attack, but […] These later Mughal Emperor are weak and worthless. His primary duty was to supervise the imperial treasury and check all accounts. Mansabdari System. WHY DID MARATHAS LOSE THE THIRD BATTLE OF PANIPAT. The mughal empire was divided into . Fig. crushing the revolts of these tribes therefore, all the Mughal emperors from The word Mansab comes from the Persian language which means rank, dignity, and status It was a noble concept of Administration and military structure. 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Instead the officers called mansabdars provided much of the troops. In the beginning Akbar’s reign total number of subhas were 12 later on at the time of his death it were 15.During Shah Jahan ‘s time there were 19 subhas.During the Aurangzeb’s reign Mughal Empire had 21 subhas. Mughal Empire Military. saanvi9369 saanvi9369 15.06.2018 History Secondary School He personally supervised the branding of the horses (dagh) and checked the muster-roll (chehra) of the soldiers. In the beginning Akbar’s reign total number of subhas were 12 later on at the time of his death it were 15.During Shah Jahan ‘s time there were 19 subhas.During the Aurangzeb’s reign Mughal Empire had 21 subhas. formed a part of Mughal army. Ask your question. According to Blockmann, the army of Akbar consisted of 25,000 The Mughal Empire 1. THE REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 1) Politics in the Mughal Court; 2) Jagirdari Crisis; 3) Weak Military organization and Administration; 4) Wars of succession; 5) Aurangzeb’s policies; 6) Economic bankruptcy 7) Foreign invasions 8) Weak successors. handling bows and arrows and javelins etc. In case, Sometimes, the qiladars were asked to perform the duties of the faujdar in that region. Causes of decline of Mughal Empire Beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire can be traced to the strong rule of Aurangzeb. Promotion, degradation He accompanied the Emperor on tours, pleasure trips, hunting expeditions, battlefield, etc. It is apparent that the agrarian crisis had its genesis in the Mughal systems and once the Empire became weak, it failed to arrest such crisis and the downfall of the Empire became inevitable. Babur to Aurangzeb paid their utmost attention to the maintenance of a strong They introduced a number of new positions in administration in an organised way. The provincial diwan was appointed by the Emperor. Usually the tenure of a subadar was around three years. In Chetan’s opinion, even in the 17th century the Mughal Empire was not very centralised. No Literary Source: Ain-i-Akbari It was written by Abul Fazi. Only then the diwan made entry in his records and placed it before the king. The entire revenue collection and expenditure machinery of the Empire was under his charge. The vastness of the empire became unwieldy. So, here are some quick points to know about reasons behind fall of such a marvelous empire … (Prelims) IAS General Studies Solved Paper With Explanations – 2011 (Part- 10). He invented a gun which could be taken to pieces and put together again when required. personal soldiers of the emperor. A series of foreign invasions affected Mughal Empire very badly. by the imperial treasury. glance and confers upon them high ranks.” The devotion and faithfulness of a The logical corollary of sustaining the huge administration was to appropriate maximum rural surplus in the form of land revenue for which the Mughal polity was geared to. He was at liberty to Centralized structure controlled through the efficient working of jagirdari seems to hold little ground. His darbar duties considerably added to his prestige and influence. Exploiting, in 1739, Nadir Shah detained the Mughal Emperor and plundered Delhi. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. On the basis of his verification, the amount of the salary was certified. Thus , by making the diwan independent of the subadar and by putting financial matters under the former, the Mughals were successful in checking the subadar from becoming independent. :- Besides the Mansabdars and the cavalry was divided into two parts : (i) Bargir, and (ii) Siledar. These were individuals who were allowed five horses or more and were paid handsomely. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread … Many historians have viewed the Mughal Empire as relatively backward, the Emperor the head of a traditional warband from Central Asia, with tribalism and the traditions of the Islamic world to the fore, and the Empire not remotely comparable to the forward looking Western European states of the period, with their strong innovative armies implementing the successors had strong land forces. visible during the Sultanate period but Akbar gave it a scientific structure. European style but they did not suspect any danger from the sea-route, hence selection of right persons and he often appointed efficient persons direct to The ahadis could be appointed anywhere in the army, or served as messengers. There was a separate qazi for army also. The financial … The Omrahs or the nobles were the pillars of the imperial system. It was difficult because each part of the Mughal Empire was inhabited by diverse set of people over whom their respective rulers or dominant chieftains exerted considerable influence. there established elaborate offices with assigned functions to the heads of offices. The Mughal Empire was essentially military in nature where the word of the emperor was law. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE Chapter 10. Log in. Under the mir saman there were several officers, including the. The foot soldiers He issued the paybills of both the mansabdars and the soldiers. Join now. He was the head of the revenue department in the suba. Thus, the Mughals kept a watch over their officials in the provinces through offices and institutions independent of each other. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE Fig. annually or once after three years. multifarious purposes. There were five main branches of military force - infantry, cavalry, fire-arms, elephants, and war boats. The other main reason was the weak Successors of Aurangzeb. Thus, the extent to which the Mughal Empire was centralised, The Emperor was the fountainhead of all powers, and bureaucracy was mere. This was necessary to do so for they conquered several parts of the country and were accordingly required to maintain law and order and check revolts. :- All the Mughal emperors Mughal Administration Objective: To exercise control over the different parts of the Empire so that recalcitrant elements challenging the Mughal sovereignty could be checked. maintain a large army for the safety of the country. 3 Comments / Administration, Economy and Military in the Mughal Empire / By admin The Mansabdari system was introduced in the Mughal administration system by Emperor Akbar. Answer: The Mughal Empire came to an inglorious end. none in Asia, for in Akbar’s time it had reached the high point of efficiency.” He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of another Mongol group, the Uzbegs. If we talk about the administration of Mughal Empire, we have to consider their revenue administration and military administration. north-west frontier of India was unsafe and foreign intruders invaded India he also got the big guns prepared. Causes of Decline of Mughal Empire Mughal history is the most important and interesting part of history of sub-continent. the safety of the western coast was handed over to the sides of Janjira by the Weak military organisation and administration - shortcut As the Mughal empire became very vast, it was difficult for the Mughal rulers to control distant parts of the empire. :- The emperor Daily receipts and expenditure reports were sent by him to the provincial diwan. Mughal Military Campaigns Babur, the first Mughal emperor (1526-1530), succeeded to the throne of Ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old. The financial … Fig. 1) Politics in the Mughal court:- Under the Mughals, the pattern of village administration remained almost on the same lines as it was under Sher Shah. charge of these boats was known as Mir Bahr. The executive head of the sarkar. Apart from siege guns there were heavy guns mounted on forts. To check the diwan’s power, the Mughal Emperor asked the diwan to submit the report on state finances daily. In the words of Stanely Lane-Poole, “As some imperial corpse preserved for age in its dead seclusion, crowned and armed and still majestic, yet falls to the dust at the breath of heaven, so fell the Empire of the Mughals when the great name that guarded it … The Mughal Empire 1 2. Akbar introduced Mansabdari system of administration in 1571 with the help of Shahbaz Khan. The trooper had to purchase his own horse, and bring it to the muster before he was granted his pay. We see a strong classification of courts at different levels, but there were no laws to test their working in a loyal manner. However, the origin of Mansabdari system can be traced back to Mongols (Changez Khan). It is divided into five books/sections. He was the third and greatest ruler of the Mughal Dynasty in India. Military Under the Mughal Empire By: Louie Lovelace India's military before the Mughal Empire, under the Gupta Empire, was largely comprised of mounted cavalry and archers protecting the borders. A Mansabdar was ADVERTISEMENTS: The Mughal rulers maintained a large and efficient army till the reign of Aurangzeb. Under the Delhi Sultans,the wazir enjoyed both civil and military powers. During 20 Causes behind the Downfall of the Mughals in India. doubt Akbar and his officers were capable of maintaining powerful navy on the He scrutinized applications for all such grants, both fresh and renewals, and presented before the Emperor for sanction. 4 Cannons were an important addition in sixteenth-century warfare. Apart from carrying materials of war, and for carrying royalty and important nobles, the elephants, combined with cavalry, formed a kind of a battering ram or a protective shield. Would you like to get the full Thesis from Shodh ganga along with citation details? The first three were known as 1st, 2nd and 3rd bakhshi. But the administration of Babur was less structured. Shamshirbaz (swordsmen). The vastness of the empire became unwieldy. Guns on wheeled-carriages (arraba) were used at Panipat and Khanua. The most important revenue collector was the amil or amalguzar. Mining under the fort-walls by use of gun-powder was, therefore, resorted to. He was also connected with the distribution of charities – both cash (wazifa) and land grants (suyurghal, in’am, madad-i ma’ash).

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