japanese maple scale

Excessive loss of plant fluid reduces the growth and health of the plant. In the spring, females lay approximately 25 eggs within their protective coverings. Japanese maple (Acer palmatum) is a sturdy little ornamental tree, popular for its graceful shape, deep fall color and delicate, lace-like leaves. Important landscape hosts include: apple, ash, camellia, cherry, cotoneaster, crabapple, dogwood, elm, euonymus, holly, honeylocust, hornbeam, Itea, lilac, linden, magnolia, maple, pear, privet, pyracantha, redbud, serviceberry, stewartia, styrax, yellowwood, and zelkova. Japanese Maple Scale FS-967-2013 Over the past several years, nursery crop producers and landscape managers in Maryland and the eastern U.S. have become increasingly concerned about the pest insect, exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS), Lopholeucaspis japonica(Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica) is a challenging scale to manage. The individual Japanese maple scales are oyster-shaped, 1-2 mm long, and off-white in color. One female will lay an average of 25 eggs. Scales are most commonly found on … Some of the lace leaf varieties of Japanese Maple only grow to 7'. Since its introduction it has been confirmed from several additional eastern states. These are Japanese maple scales. The average size of a mature Japanese Maple is between 15-25'. This tiny insect can also attack Japanese maple, red maple, dogwood, lilac, zelkova, yellowwood, pyracantha, privet, euonymus, redbud, stewartia, cherry, magnolia and Itea. Tom Glasgow County Extension Director Friday Sep 11, 2020 at 10:20 AM. The 1-2 mm long, oystershell-shaped, waxy test (covering) of the female is grayish white (Fig. For trees, meanwhile, scouting should take place on the trunks and scaffold branches, particularly at the branch collar. Japanese maple scale: not a picky eater . Japanese maple scale is showing up in more and more Henderson County landscapes. JMS are most commonly found on bark, though they can also occur on foliage. Japanese maple scale (JMS) is a small oystershell shaped, armored scale (Figure 1). The eggs hatch into pale yellow-green crawlers in late June or July and migrat… This condition means the female is covered dorsally by the thickened second shed exoskeleton, and this covering is opened beneath. Pine Needle Scale Diagnostic Guide . While these Japanese maple pests can attack a tree of any age, they are usually found in young trees. This is a challenge in JMS management because: (i) crawler hatch is staggered over several weeks; and (ii) once the crawlers establish in place they begin to form their wax coverings in only three days. Two generations of egg laying occurs in southeastern and mid-Atlantic states, but in New England it's possible there is only one generation per growing season. Image 2 (bottom). The Janka test measures the amount of force required to embed a 0.444" steel ball into the wood to half of its diameter. Thorough applications of dormant oil at 2-3% in late winter are an important component of achieving successful control. Japanese Maples. The female Japanese maple scale has an elongate, grayish white, waxy cover. Soil-applied, systemic insecticides may not be as effective in managing this species since it develops mostly on the twigs, branches, and trunks of host plants. Japanese Maple Scale: A Nursery and Landscape Pest Shimat V. Joseph and Will Hudson, Department of Entomology T he Japanese maple scale (JMS), Lopholeucaspis japonica Cockerell (Figure 1), is an insect pest of Japanese maples and several other ornamental tree species. Japanese maple scale seems to be a growing problem, mostly on the east coast. Beneath this outer shell, the adult and nymph scales are lavender in color. It's relatively new to Ohio, its name is misleading, and it may be mistaken for other more familiar scales. The female is described as being pupillarial. Note the purple color of this life stage. We have been seeing it on hollies. Eggs develop in late-spring, hatch, and crawlers (immature nymphs) emerge in mid-May. This is sometimes the case with the exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS) (Lopholeucaspis japonica, family Diaspididae). As a solitary specimen it is breathtaking, its fall foliage remaining for weeks, then falling into a brilliant pool of crimson, orange, or gold on the garden floor. Figure 1. It's relatively new to Ohio, its name is misleading, and it may be mistaken for other more familiar scales. Adult males are on host plants from late April to late May. ©2020 University of Massachusetts Amherst • Site Policies, Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. Proper pruning of Japanese maple is essential for tree health. You can also use a garden hose to blast them off on a daily basis- twice per day. Beneath this outer shell, the adult and nymph scales are lavender in color. Be sure to apply any registered insecticide you select according to all label directions. Not all of the insect samples submitted to our office can actually be identified here, and not all can be identified from images submitted to our entomologists on campus. Japanese Maple Scale. Japanese Maple Scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica): A Pest of Nursery and Landscape Trees and Shrubs Introduction Over the past several years the exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS), Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has become a pest insect of major concern to nursery crop producers and … Introduction. The waxy covering of the male is the same color as the female, but it's smaller. Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica), also known as Japanese scale or pear white scale, is an invasive pest that infests a wide range of woody plants. Lecanium Scale Diagnostic Guide . Woods with a higher rating are harder than woods with a lower rating. Do not contaminate forage, streams, or ponds. Because JMS, similar to other armored scales, does not directly feed on the … Scales are most commonly found on bark but can be found on leaves, in particular, leaves of infested magnolias. Japanese Maple Scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell)), Family Diaspididae Plants Damaged: Japanese maple scale is showing up in more and more landscapes and nurseries lately. This species has been identified feeding on red maple, Acer rubrum; Japanese maple, Acer palmatum; kousa dogwood, Cornus kousa; Euonymus sp. Written by: Susan Scheufele and Nicholas BrazeeRevised: 02/2014. There are hundreds of Japanese maple varieties that come in various sizes with a large assortment of leaf shapes and colors that range from shades of green to orange, red, purple, and variegated. Habitat. Scale management is difficult but an incorrect identification can make it impossible. Why do we need this? Japanese maple scale (JMS), Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell), is a non-native pest from Asia and was first detected in Connecticut in 1914. You can treat these pests naturally with horticultural oil, neem oil, or insecticidal soap. Cooperative Extension Japanese Maple Scale in the Nursery Karla … in both landscapes and nurseries in Pennsylvania. For severe infections you can use pesticides like carbaryl, also known as Sevin. Many types of scale insects exist, grouped into two main categories: armored scales and soft scales. Dispose of empty containers right away, in a safe manner and place. The second shed exoskeleton is elongate and reddish brown. Japanese maple scale is showing up in more and more Henderson County landscapes. Connect with UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program: UMass Research and Education Center Farms, Conservation Assessment Prioritization System (CAPS), Extension Risk Management/Crop Insurance Education, North American Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative, Civil Rights and Non-Discrimination Information. This pest's ability to blend in with bark crevices and the coloration of its waxy test make it a challenge to detect at low population densities. In the United States, it was first found on the east coast, but is rapidly expanding its range. It was first detected in Connecticut in 1914, but has been confirmed throughout the eastern United States [1]. Occasionally, Japanese maples are troubled by aphids, scale or powdery mildew, but these are easily treated and seldom kill the tree. In 1914, Japanese maple scale was discovered in the United States. Prune and destroy heavily infested branches or twigs when indicated. ; Japanese zelkova, Zelkova serrata; holly, Ilex sp. JMS are most commonly found on bark, though they can also occur on foliage. Aphids often feed on leaves producing honeydew that encourages the growth of black sooty mold fungus on other leaves or on surfaces beneath the tree. This is sometimes the case with the exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS) (Lopholeucaspis japonica, family Diaspididae). Foliage may drop prematurely, giving plants a thin appearance and twig dieback may also occur. This insect pest is quite small and blends in well with host bark, allowing it to avoid detection until population levels are high. This pest overwinters as females. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. Aphids, especially painted maple aphids, are attracted to Japanese maples. ; Pyracantha sp. This scale insect is considered a serious pest of citrus and ornamental plants worldwide. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. During the growing season, horticultural oil at 2% can be applied but should target active crawlers and should not be applied to plants experiencing environmental stress. Japanese maple scale (JMS) is a small, oystershell-shaped, armored scale (Figure 1). Read and follow directions and safety precautions on labels. The Janka scale is used to determine the relative hardness of particular domestic or exotic wood species. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. JMS have an oystershell-shaped body covered in a white, waxy protective coating. Treat infested host plants when the crawlers are active from late May through mid-August. It is also known as the Japanese scale or pear white scale. Although generally hardy, Japanese maples can suffer from a number of insect pest infestations, including infestations by both soft and armored scales. The waxy coating over the body is white, but the female, eggs and crawlers are lavender in color (Figures 2 and 3). ; crabapple, Malus sp. Authored by: Gregory A. Hoover, Sr. Extension Associate. … 1). Serious outbreaks of the cottony maple scale may last for two to three years, but their numbers become greatly reduced when natural predators, including a number of wasps and fly parasites, are present. How-to: Planting and Caring for Japanese Maple Trees. When monitoring for this species on trees and shrubs, examine the trunk, branches, and twigs particularly at the branch collar where this pest often settles and develops. The eggs beneath the waxy covering of the female are white with a purple hue. JMS can infest a wide range of woody ornamental plants commonly found in nurseries and landscapes. This is sometimes the case with the exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS) (Lopholeucaspis japonica, family Diaspididae). This is sometimes the case with the exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS) (Lopholeucaspis japonica, family Diaspididae). White Peach Scale Diagnostic Guide . Japanese maples prefer a moderately acid to neutral soil ranging from 6.0 to 7.0 on the pH scale. Japanese Maple Scale Diagnostic Guide . The reproductive potential of JMS is enormous. Dry soils can lead to leaf scorch. The waxy coating over the body is white, but the female, eggs and crawlers (the immature stage) are lavender (Figures 2 and 3). Horticultural oil (at 0.5 to 1 percent) can be tank-mixed with Distance or Talus 40SC for improved control. They often produce a honeydew which attracts another Japanese maple problem, sooty mold. Japanese maples do best in a partly shaded site with a consistent supply of water. This is sometimes the case with the exotic Japanese maple scale (JMS) (Lopholeucaspis japonica, family Diaspididae). JMS have an oystershell-shaped body covered in a white, waxy protective coating. Few plants can equal the beauty and command of a Japanese Maple in the autumn landscape. The Japanese maple is a relatively slow growing tree at about a foot a year. Japanese maple scale: not a picky eater . This pest overwinters as females. Handle carefully and store in original labeled containers out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock. Two-Lined Chestnut Borer Diagnostic Guide . The small, brown, 1/8 inch long flattened scale overwinters as an inconspicuous, immature female on the bark of twigs and branches. Japanese Red Maple Acer palmatum atropurpureum Z 5-8 . Avoid pruning maples in spring as they are bleeders and will lose a large amount of sap. It is most effective to scout for JMS in the dormant season when it is easier to see the bark, especially on shrubs with dense canopies. The crawler (first instar nymph) stage of this scale insect is white. The Japanese maple scale, Lopholeucaspis japonica, is a recently detected pest of a wide range of woody host plants in Pennsylvania. Japanese Maple Scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell)), Family Diaspididae Plants Damaged: Japanese maple scale is showing up in more and more landscapes and nurseries lately. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Other Japanese maple pests are scale, mealybug and mites. The scale … The Japanese maple scale (JMS), Lopholeucaspis japonica Cockerell, is an insect pest of Japanese maples and several other ornamental tree species. We have been seeing it on hollies. Lightly infested branches can be pruned out and bark could be scrubbed with a gentle brush and water to remove unsightly scales from trunks and branches. The period of egg hatch and crawler activity lasts for a long period of time (about 10 weeks in the mid-Atlantic region). Also of interest is the hues of pale yellow on the bark. Scale management is difficult but an incorrect identification can make it impossible. Davidson, Univ. This scale insect probably was an unintentional introduction into the United States from Asia. This insect sucks out plant juices using its piercing and sucking mouthparts. In some cases, … Since then, it has spread to many areas of the country, including Tennessee. There is limited understanding of the life cycle of this pest, but in the colder climates of New England, JMS is likely to have only one generation and is thought to overwinter as fertilized adult females. The Japanese maple scale (JMS), Lopholeucaspis japonica Cockerell (Figure 1), is an insect pest of Japanese maples and several other ornamental tree species. This insect sucks out plant juices using its piercing and sucking mouthparts. This type of scale insect is known as an armored scale because the insects protect themselves underneath an armored cover that is usually white in color. Feeding by the JMS causes reduced plant growth and vigor. They are easy to spot on the stems of trees with dark bark. Tom Glasgow County Extension Director Friday Sep 11, 2020 at 10:20 AM. View our privacy policy. Scale, Mites, and Aphids are insects that can occasionally affect Japanese Maples. Armored scales injure host plants by inserting their threadlike, piercing-sucking mouthparts into non-vascular plant cells and withdraw vital nutrients necessary for plant growth from mesophyll cells. Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica), also known as Japanese scale or pear white scale, is an invasive pest that infests a wide range of woody plants.The insect is native to Japan. Figure 2. ; Cotoneaster sp. Japanese maple scale (JMS) is a small oystershell shaped, armored scale (Figure 1). Scale management is difficult but an incorrect identification can make it impossible. It's relatively new to Ohio, its name is misleading, and it may be mistaken for other more familiar scales. This armored scale insect species is a member of the family Diaspididae. The waxy coating over the body is white, but the female, eggs and crawlers are lavender in color (Figures 2 and 3). Adult female white peach scale and white prunicola scale have a distinctive sunny side-up fried egg appearance to their rounded, white, waxy covers. Japanese Maple Scale Japanese maple scale seems to be a growing problem, mostly on the east coast. HARDINESS ZONES: 5-9: SOURCE: Graft: BEST COLOR: It was first reported in Connecticut. This tiny insect can also attack Japanese maple, red maple, dogwood, lilac, zelkova, yellowwood, pyracantha, privet, euonymus, redbud, stewartia, cherry, magnolia and Itea. Not all of the insect samples submitted to our office can actually be identified here, and not all can be identified from images submitted to our entomologists on campus. Therefore, the window of time for effective control is very narrow. The timing of the initial crawler hatch seems to coincide with bloom of Syringa reticulata 'Ivory Silk' and Hydrangea quercifolia, so these events can be used as phenological indicators. This type of scale insect is known as an armored scale because the insects protect themselves underneath an armored cover that is usually white in color. The major predator of the immature scale is the twice-stabbed lady beetle. . Female scales are 1-2 mm long while males are slightly smaller. There are several options for removing them. Additionally, the clusters of white prunicola scale and white peach scale male's waxy covers give the host plant bark a white, woolly appearance. JMS can infest a wide range of woody ornamental plants commonly found in nurseries and landscapes. The life history of this scale insect is not well known in the United States. Md, College Pk, Bugwood.org. The life history of this scale insect is not well known in the United States. 2). Pesticides are poisonous. Once you know the soil pH, if necessary, you can adjust the pH to meet the needs of your Japanese maple. ; and ornamental pear, Pyrus sp. This pest has been collected in Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington, D. C. This species has been reported in the literature to feed on host plants in 16 genera in 13 plant families. Scale management is difficult but an incorrect identification can make it impossible. Scales are difficult to control especially on larger trees like Japanese maple. It's relatively new to Ohio, its name is misleading, and it may be mistaken for other more familiar scales. Infestations of this pest will cause dieback on host plants and may cause death of small twigs. The crawlers are active from late May through early August. 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Have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this insect! Jms to healthy trees and shrubs may reduce the possibility of an increase in autumn! Insects that can occasionally affect Japanese maples can suffer from a number of pest. Period make it difficult to control especially on larger trees like Japanese maple scale ( Figure 1 ) overwintering. Orange yellow color slowly emerging to a nice light green for the summer, zelkova ;. Spring, females lay approximately 25 eggs body covered in a safe manner and....

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